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Emergency escape and evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property. Emergency evacuation plans are developed to ensure the safest and most efficient evacuation time of all expected residents of a plant, structure, city, or region. A benchmark “evacuation time” for different haRead More…
This post gives some brief information about HAZOP (Hazard and operability study), SAFOP (Electrical Safety and Operability Study) & SIL (Safety Integrity Level Assessment). HAZOP (Hazard and operability study) A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is an organized and systematic examination of a complex planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problemsRead More…
This post gives some brief details about technical safety studies used in process industries. Technical Safety and Process or functional Safety will describe the safety requirements related to the design and operation of hazardous processes. Technical Safety comprises a set of discrete elements that are applied in the field of risk analysis and management to help identify, understand and evaluateRead More…
For any project in any company, HAZID is carried out first to access risk in a process. Identification of different types of hazards is the main objective of HAZID. A hazard is a possible condition and exists or not (probability is 1 or 0). It may in single/multiple existence or in combination with other hazards or sometimes called events and conditions become an actual Functional Failure or AcciRead More…
What is Management of Hazards? This post will give some brief details about Hazards management in process or functional safety. Reducing risks to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) means reducing them to a level at which the cost and effort (time and trouble) of further risk reduction are grossly disproportionate to the risk reduction attained. The main part of ALARP finding is the rRead More…
The purpose of hazardous area classification is to ensure that ignition sources are generally not available to ignite potential flammable atmospheres. Refer below image for Hazardous Area Classification Drawing Hazardous areas extent, definition and
identification, which is based on the Area Classification Code for
Installations Handling Flammable Fluids, Institute of Petroleum Model CoRead More…
Standard Tee or a Barred Tee are fittings used in piping and pipeline engineering design. Piping standard tees are coming in equal tee and reducing tee, however in piggable pipelines a Bar or Barred Tees are used at the Tee branch connections. This is also called sometimes as Pigged Tee. Why is Barred Tee used in piggable pipelines? Barred Tee name itself is indicating purpose. MeanRead More…
This post gives some brief details about spring supports used in pipe supports. What is a purpose of Spring Supports? In general Spring supports are installed when vertical movement of the pipe causes large stresses in the line and/or high loadings developed on equipment nozzles due to: Lifting of the pipe from the support Restraint for the downward movement of the pipe SpringRead More…
What is welding defects? Before going to welding defects, we should understand what is welding? Welding is a process of fabrication. This joins different materials, mainly metals or non-metals like thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, causing fusion. However such as brazing and soldering, are used with lower temperature techniques, which do nRead More…
What is topographical survey or topographical map? Any industrial plants or building and even when we are planning to build new house, we should know about the land details. Question is “why it is required?” Why not we can directly build the house or plant on open area. But unfortunately this is not the correct way. I will explain you why it is required, suppose you start building a constructiRead More…