Oil and Gas Facilities
UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS FACILITIES: Also called upstream oil sector or Exploration and Production (E&P) sector is defined as the oil sector commonly used to refer to the searching for and the recovery and production of crude oil and natural gas.
Searching for potential underground or underwater drilling of exloratory wells, oil and gas fields, and subsequently operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface is covered in upstream Oil & Gas facilities.
FACILITIES IN OIL & GAS PLANT
Oil and gas production requires a number of facilities and components including the oil and gas batteries, well pads, rigs, surface impoundments, access roads, pipelines, oilfield injection and treating facilities, and pump stations or compressor stations.
A battery is an upstream facility in an oil or natural gas field that collects raw oil or natural gas from one or more wells. Oil, gas and water are separated at this facility, impurities removed and the purified liquids are piped for further processing or distribution. Water may be piped to an injection well where it is disposed into a geologic formation deep beneath the earth’s surface.
Well or wellbore – The hole drilled from the surface to the gas-bearing formation, several of which may be developed from a single pad.
Well pad is relatively flat surface work area or location that is used for exploration or drilling a well or wells, and producing product from the well once it is completed.
Wellhead refers to the topmost point of a well and the structure built over it. Wellheads include control equipment such as outlets, valves, blowout preventers, casing heads, tubing heads and “Christmas trees.”
Wet scrubber – a vessel used for removing pollutants from a gas stream by means of a liquid spray, liquid jet, or liquid layer.
The drill rig may be self-contained on a single truck for a shallow well or transported to the well site for assembly for deeper wells. Almost all drilling rigs and production wells have a vent and flare to release pressure. Storage areas would be established to house construction equipment, vehicles, pipe and pipe welding materials, and so forth.
PUMP JACK
Pumping Equipment
If natural pressure is not adequate to force the oil, gas, or water to flow naturally, pumping equipment would be required. The power to operate these pumps would be supplied by gas or diesel engines or by electric motors.
Pumping Station
Their are different types of pumps used but usually cetrifugal pumps are commanly used to maintain movement or transfer of product within oil pipelines.
Waste and Evaporation Pits
A number of surface impoundments, or pits, could be constructed during drilling and at the production stages, such as a mud pit whcih is used to collect used drilling mud and cuttings prior to disposal, a skimming pit which reclaims residual oil removed with produced water, a sediment pit which stores solids that have settled out in storage tanks, or a percolation or evaporation pit to dispose of produced water.
EVAPORATION PIT
Storage Tanks
Tanks may be used for temporary storage of oil, natural gas liquids, and /or produced water.
