Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) is the ratio of maximum stress intensity to normal stress. It is used as safe factor to account for the effect of localised stress on piping under respective loading. In piping it is applied to welds, fittings, branch connections etc where stress concentration and possible fatigue failure may occur.
Example: – SIF for Reducer and Weld-neck Flange is 1.0
SIF for socket weld flange is 1.3
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