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In situations where post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of entire pipelines is impractical or costly, localized heat treatment techniques like induction heating can be employed. Induction heating selectively...

Composite pipes, made from materials like fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) or carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), offer advantages over traditional materials in corrosive or demanding environments....

While techniques like corrosion coupons or electrical resistance probes are well-established for monitoring corrosion rates, emerging technologies such as electrochemical noise analysis (ENA) offer a more...

Traditional insulation materials like fiberglass or mineral wool have limitations in extreme temperatures or corrosive environments. Emerging insulation technologies include aerogels, which offer superior...

Pigging refers to the practice of using devices called "pigs" to clean, inspect, or maintain pipelines. Advanced pigs now incorporate various sensors, such as ultrasonic or magnetic flux leakage sensors,...

Hydrostatic testing is a standard procedure for ensuring the integrity of pipelines. One less-known trick is the use of "stress-relief cuts." These cuts are made at specific intervals along the pipe circumference...

Heat treatment is used on materials to relieve the stresses set up in the material after hot or cold working to modify the structure of the material and to change grain size.

The key difference between elastomer and polymer is that a polymer is any large molecule which is built with small units called monomers whereas elastomer is a special type of polymer which has elastic...

Integral lagging extension is for stem of valve. Basically, this is used for insulated or jacketed valves like in cryogenic service valves. This is used for ease in handling operation of valve without...

IBR long form is Indian Boiler Regulation Act. Normally Steam lines with conditions listed below comes under IBR purview • Lines for which design pressure is 3.5 kg/sq cm and above. • Line size above...